REVIEW VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR FOR EXAMINATIONS B1 Pre- Intermediate

REVIEW VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR FOR EXAMINATIONS (Units7-9 Personal Best B1 Pre- Intermediate)

Present perfect with yet and already

We often use the present perfect with yet and already.

Question: Have you been to the new library building yet?

Affirmative answer: Yes, I’ve already been there.

Negative answer: No, I haven’t been there yet.

We use yet in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that we

expected to happen before now. Yet comes at the end of the sentence or question.

Have you written the report yet? (Yes/no question)

I haven’t finished it yet. (Negative statement)

We use already to talk about something that happened before now or earlier than

we expected. Already comes before the main verb.

Do you want to go out for dinner?

No, thanks. I’ve already eaten.

We sometimes use already in questions instead of yet. Already comes between the

auxiliary verb and the main verb or at the end of the question. Already is usually

stressed to show surprise.

Have you already finished your science project?

Present perfect with for and since

We use the present perfect with for and since to talk about a situation that started

in the past and is still true now.

We use since to refer to a fixed point in time in the past when the situation started.

I’ve studied in this university since 2018.

I haven’t spoken to my best friend since last month.

Have you known each other since you were a child?

We use for to refer to the period of time the situation has been true.

You have been a student for three months.

This phone hasn’t worked for weeks!

Has the restaurant been here for a long time?

We use How long …? to ask about the length of time a situation has been true.

How long have you known your boyfriend?

We’ve known each other since last March.

How long has he been a doctor?

He’s been a doctor for about two years.

Present perfect or simple past

We use the simple past to talk about completed actions in the past. 

When did you start studying here?

I started studying here 3 months ago.

We use the simple past to talk about a time period that started and finished in the past.

How long did you study in high school?

I studied for six years.

too, too many, too much, and (not) enough

We use too, too many, and too much to mean "more than necessary" or "more than is good."

This online workbook is too difficult. There are too many questions!

We use too before adjectives and adverbs. = too + adjective/adverb

The canteen is too crowded.

She drives too fast.

We use too many before countable nouns. = too many + plural noun

I drink too many cups of coffee.

We use too much before uncountable nouns. = too much + uncountable noun

I drink too much coffee.

We can also use too much after a verb without an object.

You worry too much. You should learn to relax.

We use enough to mean "the right amount" or "sufficient." We can also use

not enough to mean "less than necessary" or "less than is good."

Is the cake sweet enough? I didn’t have enough sugar to make.

Enough comes before countable and uncountable nouns. = enough + noun

She doesn’t eat enough vegetables.

Have we got enough time?

Enough comes after an adjective or adverb. = adjective/ adverb + enough

The information isn’t clear enough.

She didn’t sing well enough to win the competition.

We can also use enough after a verb without an object.

I didn’t study enough last night.

have to, not have to, and can't

We use have to to talk about obligations and rules.

You always have to turn off the lights when you leave your room.

Students to have to wear uniforms to school.

When we ask questions about obligations and rules, we usually use have to.

Do you have to go to school early?

Why do we have to wear a helmet?

We use don’t have to to say that something isn’t necessary.

You don’t have to do your homework in the library.

Students don't have to stay in the campus all the time.

We use can't to talk about things that are not allowed. We call this prohibition.

I can't use my phone during the test.

You can't smoke here.

used to

We use used to + the base form to talk about habits or situations that were true in the

past, but aren’t true now.

I used to live with my parents every day in high school. = I don’t live with them now.

I used to play with my friends. = I don’t play with them now.

We form the negative with didn’t + use to + the base form.

She didn’t use to drink so much tea. (= She drinks a lot now).

I didn’t use to like spicy food. (= I like it a lot now).

We form questions with did + use to + the base form.

Did she use to play on the school volleyball team?

Why did you use to have three mobile phones?

We can use the simple past instead of used to. The meaning is the same.

We used to have English classes at school. = We had English classes at school.

He used to be shy when he was younger = He was shy when he was younger.

We don’t use used to to talk about actions that only happened once.

I bought this shirt last year. NOT I used to buy this shirt last year.

They started work at 9:00 this morning. NOT They used to start work at 9:00 this

morning.

The passive

Sentences can be either active or passive.

Active: My friend wrote this letter. = subject + verb + object

Passive: This letter was written by my friend. = Subject + be + past participle (v3)

We use the active sentence to focus on the person who does the action.

My brother wrote this book.

We use the passive sentence to focus on the action itself or on the thing the action

affects.

This book was written by my brother.

We also use the passive when we don’t know who does/did the action or it isn’t

important.

This papaya salad is made in Thailand.

My mobile phone was stolen last night.

We form the simple present passive with am/is/are + past participle of the main verb.

We form the simple past passive with was/were + past participle of the main verb.

Simple present passive: Rice is grown in Thailand.

Simple past passive: The library was built four years ago.

To say who does/did the action, we use by.

Lots of souvenirs are bought by tourists.

The building was designed by a Thai architect.

To form questions, we put the verb be before the subject.

Is your necklace made of gold?

When was the phone stolen?

Who was the music sung by?

Review vocabulary and grammar 1- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.

 1 Meet us in the park. We’ll be on one of the ________ near the big statue.

a fountains 

b benches 

c tunnels

2 She thinks she will go ________ bus to the market.

a on 

b by 

c with

3 Oh, no! It’s late and we ________ done our homework yet.

a have 

b haven’t 

c already

4 I never walk down Harrison Road alone at night. There are no ________.

a streetlights 

b traffic lights 

c bike lanes

5 They ________ at the airport.

a ’ve arrived yet 

b ’ve already arrived 

c yet have arrived

6 In my ________, there shouldn’t be any buses or trucks downtown.

a idea 

b believe 

c opinion

7 You don’t need to cook breakfast. I’ve already ________ it.

a do 

b did 

c done

8 We try not to travel at ________ hour.

a rush 

b busy 

c traffic

9 How ________ has she been married?

a long 

b much 

c many

10 We ________ that there should be bike lanes in all cities.

a believe 

b view 

c worried

11 They offered him the job on Saturday, but they haven’t agreed on a salary ________.

a not yet 

b already 

c yet

12 The traffic is always bad because there is only one ________ over the river.

a crosswalk

b intersections 

c bridge 

13 We ________ say that most people spend too much time on social media. The real world is better!

a don’t 

b will 

c would

14 She ________ to go to Australia since she was a child.

a wanted 

b ’ve wanted 

c didn’t want

15 The children play in the ________ on hot days.

a street signs 

b sidewalks 

c fountains

16 I visited the temples ________.

a since 2015 

b in 2015 

c for 2015

17 “Have you been to the mall?“ 

     “Not ________.“

a been 

b already 

c yet

18 This is a safety announcement. Could all ________ please return to their seats?

a commuters 

b passengers 

c pedestrians

19 This ________ building has 30 floors.

a apartment 

b parking 

c street

20 They prefer to ________ to work if possible.

a arrive 

b walk 

c start out

21 It is a good ________ to ban fast food because people would be healthier.

a opinion 

b view 

c idea 

22 She thinks the city would be less polluted if we all used ________ transportation.

a passenger 

b public 

c commuter 

23 We’ve been in this traffic jam ________ 55 minutes.

a for 

b since 

c already 

24 Turn left when you get to the big ________ of King Philip on Victory Road.

a street sign 

b statue 

c intersection 

25 It ________ Anna 45 minutes to get to work.

a drives 

b carries 

c takes 

26 It’s only nine o’clock and she has ________ been to the gym, done her homework, and sent five e-mails.

a yet 

b already 

c have 

27 She hasn't taken a train since she ________ commuting.

a stop 

b ’ve stopped 

c stopped 

28 It took us two hours to find the bank because there weren’t any ________.

a statues 

b street signs 

c parking spaces 

29 I think your truck might be too big for that ________.

a parking space 

b parking lane 

c platform 

30 The 4:43 to Phitsanulok is ________ by approximately thirty minutes.

a delayed 

b on time 

c start out 

31 “There are a lot of students waiting on the platform. Do you know what’s happening?“ “No, sorry, we ________ here.“

a already got 

b just got 

c got just 

32 Bart ________ riding his motorcycle to work more than fifteen years ago.

a starts 

b ’s started 

c started 

33 We drove around for ten minutes because there were no spaces left in the ________.

a parking 

b parking lot 

c traffic jam 

34 Please stay on the ________. This street is very busy.

a sidewalk 

b crosswalk 

c platform 

35 Life has been very different for her ________ she won the lottery.

a since 

b for 

c when 

36 Have you made your final decision ________? We are all waiting.

a ago 

b yet 

c already 

37 There are a lot of ________ in the mall, but they are always completely full.

a statues 

b taxis 

c trash cans 

38 Have you ever had no water ________ 16 hours?

a at 

b since 

c for 

39 Liza's car broke down, so I ________ her a ride home.

a took 

b gave 

c made 

40 She's ________ that her team won the game.

a worried 

b delighted 

c believing 

c

h

e

c

k

y

o

u

r

a

n

s

w

e

r

b

e

l

o

w

Answer key

1 b

2 b

3 b

4 a

5 b

6 c

7 c

8 a

9 a

10 a

11 c

12 c

13 c

14 b

15 c

16 b

17 c

18 b

19 a

20 b

21 c

22 b

23 a

24 b

25 c

26 b

27 c

28 b

29 a

30 a

31 b

32 c

33 b

34 a

35 a

36 b

37 c

38 c

39 b

40 b

Review vocabulary and grammar 2- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.

 1 ________ his legs were hurting, he kept on running.

a But 

b However 

c Although

2 Her favorite food is fish, especially ________.

a salmon 

b lamb 

c lettuce

3 He thinks red peppers taste better when they’re cooked. He can’t eat them ________.

a raw 

b fresh 

c bitter

4 Did she get ________ for her trip to Washington?

a enough U.S. dollars 

b much U.S. dollars 

c U.S. dollars enough

5 Alice ________ eat pineapple. She’s allergic to it.

a hasn’t to 

b doesn’t have to 

c can’t

6 Her children always ask for ________ on French fries.

a cereal 

b fruit juice 

c tomato sauce

7 She ________ make a decision about the job offer by the end of the week.

a should to 

b has to 

c shouldn’t

8 She doesn’t eat chocolate or dessert, but she loves potato chips and other ________ snacks.

a healthy 

b spicy 

c salty

9 We bought ________ pineapples. Let’s make some juice.

a too much 

b too many 

c too

10 Do they ________ go to school today?

a should 

b have to 

c has to

11 My sister is making curry tonight with ________ milk and peppers.

a pineapple 

b strawberry 

c coconut

12 They arrived on time, ________ the traffic was terrible.

a although 

b if 

c however

13 Sorry! I cooked the fish for too long and now it’s ________. Let’s go out to eat.

a unhealthy 

b bitter 

c burned

14 Personally, I don’t like pepper on pizza, ________ many people love it.

a and 

b but 

c too

15 “Is she going out tonight?“ 

     “No, she’s ________.“

a not well enough 

b not enough well 

c too much sick

16 He likes to finish a meal with something ________. He usually has fruit or some chocolate.

a sweet 

b salty 

c crunchy

17 They usually have a bowl of ________ with milk for breakfast.

a flour 

b shrimp 

c cereal

18 Tzatziki is a ________ sauce made with yogurt and cucumber. We love it!

a creamy 

b salty 

c spicy

19 She ________ start out for work at 7:15, but she prefers to avoid the traffic.

a hasn’t to 

b can’t to 

c doesn’t have to

20 Can you open a window? I'm ________.

a too much hot 

b too hot 

c hot enough

21 “Is there anything for dessert?“ 

     “Yes, apple ________.“

a pie 

b sauce 

c juice 

22 You ________ use the crosswalks in this country, but it’s safer.

a shouldn’t to 

b don’t have 

c don’t have to 

23 This bread is really ________. It’s still warm.

a healthy 

b burned 

c fresh 

24 Could you go into the garden and pick some ________ for dessert, please? Only take the red ones!

a pineapples 

b strawberries 

c peppers 

25 All passengers ________ buy a ticket before taking the plane.

a has to 

b have to 

c shouldn’t 

26 She has a stomachache. I think she ate ________.

a much 

b not much 

c too much 

27 She's going to cook the cabbage for only a couple of minutes. She prefers it ________.

a raw 

b crunchy 

c tasty 

28 “Does Kyle have to take these pills?“ 

     “Yes, he ________.“

a is 

b has 

c does 

29 “This juice is ________. What’s in it?“ 

      “Apple, eggplant, and cabbage. Don’t you like it?“

a disgusting 

b creamy 

c fresh 

30 “Are there any vegetarian dishes on the menu?“ 

     “Yes, the pasta dish with ________ is vegetarian and delicious.“

a beef 

b eggplant 

c lamb 

31 This omelet doesn’t look right to me. I think I used ________ milk.

a too many 

b too much 

c too 

32 I think some types of coffee are ________, but others have a better taste.

a healthy 

b sour 

c bitter 

33 You ________ leave your cat in a car on a hot, sunny day. It could die.

a can’t 

b have to 

c don’t have to 

34 Millions of people in the U.S. eat roast ________ with vegetables on Thanksgiving Day.

a turkey 

b pepper 

c cabbage 

35 “Is the pizza good?“ 

     “It’s OK, but ________ cheese on it.“

a there’s not enough 

b there aren’t enough 

c there’s not too much 

36 You ________ eat that if you aren’t enjoying it. It might be a little too spicy.

a couldn’t 

b should 

c don’t have to 

37 Brad is training for a running event. He tries to stay in shape and avoids ________ ingredients.

a vegetarian 

b tasty 

c unhealthy 

38 He decided to reserve a seat on a train to Bangkok. ________, the train was already full.

a But 

b However 

c Although 

39 “I’m hungry.“ 

     “You didn’t ________ at lunch.“

a eat too many 

b enough eat 

c eat enough 

40 New Zealand is famous for its ________ because there are so many sheep there.

a beef 

b lamb 

c tuna 

Answer key

1 c

2 a

3 a

4 a

5 c

6 c

7 b

8 c

9 b

10 b

11 c

12 a

13 c

14 b

15 a

16 a

17 c

18 a

19 c

20 b

21 a

22 c

23 c

24 b

25 b

26 c

27 b

28 c

29 a

30 b

31 b

32 c

33 a

34 a

35 a

36 c

37 c

38 b

39 c

40 b

 Review vocabulary and grammar 3- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.

 1 How much is this car ________?

a cost 

b worth 

c paid

2 When I was in university, I ________ in a coffee shop on Fridays and Saturdays.

a use to work 

b was working 

c used to work

3 “Can I try this on, please?” 

    “Sorry, the ________ is very busy. Could you wait here?”

a department store 

b dressing room 

c shopping room

4 Kanye ________ for being late.

a apologized 

b apologies 

c apology

5 This shopping center ________ in 2009.

a be built 

b is built 

c was built

6 I would like to ________ this hat, please. It’s too small.

a refund 

b deliver 

c return

7 ________ have lunch at school?

a Did she use to 

b Did she used to 

c Used she to

8 My classmate ________ me the money for a taxi home.

a borrowed 

b paid 

c lent

9 When she has all the ________, she’ll make a decision.

a inform 

b information 

c informations

10 Sorry, we don’t take cards here. Please ________ cash.

a deliver 

b pay with 

c pay on

11 When I was a child, we ________ in an apartment in Bangkok.

a use to live 

b used to live 

c usually lived

12 My motorcycle breaks down a lot, so I’m ________ for a new one next year.

a saving 

b earning 

c borrowing

13 ________ is taken from your credit card immediately.

a Paying 

b Pay 

c Payment

14 Many children are taken care of ________ their grandparents during school vacations.

a at 

b with 

c by

15 I’d like to ________ this bag for a bigger one, please.

a exchange 

b return 

c refund

16 She ________ money from her boyfriend if she can’t pay the rent on her apartment.

a usually borrows 

b used to borrow 

c usually borrowed

17 ________ are on Saturdays and Sundays.

a Delivers 

b Deliveries 

c Deliverations

18 This laptop is a ________. It’s half price.

a discount 

b bargain 

c sale

19 She loves shopping for shoes. She ________ many pairs of sneakers and sandals.

a owes 

b owns 

c spends 

20 How much time at work ________ on social media?

a spends 

b is spending 

c is spent

21 “Should we go shopping to find a new table?” 

     “No, let’s ________ one online.”

a deliver 

b pay 

c order 

22 What sports ________ in school?

a did you played 

b did you use to play 

c did you used to play 

23 Hundreds of cell phones ________ by passengers on the subway every month.

a are lost 

b were lost 

c be lost 

24 We ________ on the 26th of every month.

a pay back 

b get paid 

c earn 

25 This park ________ by tourists very often.

a doesn’t visit 

b isn’t visited 

c doesn’t be visited 

26 Please keep the ________ if you would like to return any of your items.

a refund 

b receipt 

c cash register 

27 Before he got a promotion, Jerry ________ earn a lot of money.

a didn’t use to 

b use not to 

c didn’t used to 

28 How many plastic bags ________ in 2019?

a shoppers used 

b were used by shoppers 

c used by shoppers 

29 Are you sure we ________ to eat here? It’s very expensive.

a afford 

b can afford 

c are worth 

30 They had an ________ about the color of the new table.

a argument 

b argue 

c argued 

31 I used to eat fish, but I ________ in 2017.

a used to give it up 

b usually give it up 

c gave it up 

32 The waiter didn’t ________ me for the dessert because we had to wait so long for it.

a owe 

b cost 

c charge 

33 This salad is disgusting. When ________ made?

a was it 

b it was 

c did it be 

34 There’s a 30% ________ on computers this weekend.

a discount 

b refund 

c bargain 

35 “Did Angelina use to have long hair?” 

     “Yes, ________.”

a she used 

b she did 

c she had 

36 Rudy ________ me €50.

a borrows 

b owes 

c spends 

37 ________ the work finished on time?

a Was 

b Did 

c Does 

38 She ________ like eggplant, but now she loves it.

a doesn’t use to 

b ’s not used to 

c didn’t use to 

39 “Excuse me, where’s the ________?” 

     “It’s over there, near the entrance to the store.”

a line 

b sales 

c cash register 

40 She takes sandwiches to school so that she doesn't ________ money on lunch.

a save 

b charge 

c waste 

Answer key

1 b

2 c

3 b

4 a

5 c

6 c

7 a

8 c

9 b

10 b

11 b

12 a

13 c

14 c

15 a

16 a

17 b

18 b

19 b

20 c

21 c

22 b

23 a

24 b

25 b

26 b

27 a

28 b

29 b

30 a

31 c

32 c

33 a

34 a

35 b

36 b

37 a

38 c

39 c

40 c