REVIEW VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR FOR EXAMINATIONS (Units7-9 Personal Best B1 Pre- Intermediate)
Present perfect with yet and already
We often use the present perfect with yet and already.
Question: Have you been to the new library building yet?
Affirmative answer: Yes, I’ve already been there.
Negative answer: No, I haven’t been there yet.
We use yet in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that we
expected to happen before now. Yet comes at the end of the sentence or question.
Have you written the report yet? (Yes/no question)
I haven’t finished it yet. (Negative statement)
We use already to talk about something that happened before now or earlier than
we expected. Already comes before the main verb.
Do you want to go out for dinner?
No, thanks. I’ve already eaten.
We sometimes use already in questions instead of yet. Already comes between the
auxiliary verb and the main verb or at the end of the question. Already is usually
stressed to show surprise.
Have you already finished your science project?
Present perfect with for and since
We use the present perfect with for and since to talk about a situation that started
in the past and is still true now.
We use since to refer to a fixed point in time in the past when the situation started.
I’ve studied in this university since 2018.
I haven’t spoken to my best friend since last month.
Have you known each other since you were a child?
We use for to refer to the period of time the situation has been true.
You have been a student for three months.
This phone hasn’t worked for weeks!
Has the restaurant been here for a long time?
We use How long …? to ask about the length of time a situation has been true.
How long have you known your boyfriend?
We’ve known each other since last March.
How long has he been a doctor?
He’s been a doctor for about two years.
Present perfect or simple past
We use the simple past to talk about completed actions in the past.
When did you start studying here?
I started studying here 3 months ago.
We use the simple past to talk about a time period that started and finished in the past.
How long did you study in high school?
I studied for six years.
too, too many, too much, and (not) enough
We use too, too many, and too much to mean "more than necessary" or "more than is good."
This online workbook is too difficult. There are too many questions!
We use too before adjectives and adverbs. = too + adjective/adverb
The canteen is too crowded.
She drives too fast.
We use too many before countable nouns. = too many + plural noun
I drink too many cups of coffee.
We use too much before uncountable nouns. = too much + uncountable noun
I drink too much coffee.
We can also use too much after a verb without an object.
You worry too much. You should learn to relax.
We use enough to mean "the right amount" or "sufficient." We can also use
not enough to mean "less than necessary" or "less than is good."
Is the cake sweet enough? I didn’t have enough sugar to make.
Enough comes before countable and uncountable nouns. = enough + noun
She doesn’t eat enough vegetables.
Have we got enough time?
Enough comes after an adjective or adverb. = adjective/ adverb + enough
The information isn’t clear enough.
She didn’t sing well enough to win the competition.
We can also use enough after a verb without an object.
I didn’t study enough last night.
have to, not have to, and can't
We use have to to talk about obligations and rules.
You always have to turn off the lights when you leave your room.
Students to have to wear uniforms to school.
When we ask questions about obligations and rules, we usually use have to.
Do you have to go to school early?
Why do we have to wear a helmet?
We use don’t have to to say that something isn’t necessary.
You don’t have to do your homework in the library.
Students don't have to stay in the campus all the time.
We use can't to talk about things that are not allowed. We call this prohibition.
I can't use my phone during the test.
You can't smoke here.
used to
We use used to + the base form to talk about habits or situations that were true in the
past, but aren’t true now.
I used to live with my parents every day in high school. = I don’t live with them now.
I used to play with my friends. = I don’t play with them now.
We form the negative with didn’t + use to + the base form.
She didn’t use to drink so much tea. (= She drinks a lot now).
I didn’t use to like spicy food. (= I like it a lot now).
We form questions with did + use to + the base form.
Did she use to play on the school volleyball team?
Why did you use to have three mobile phones?
We can use the simple past instead of used to. The meaning is the same.
We used to have English classes at school. = We had English classes at school.
He used to be shy when he was younger = He was shy when he was younger.
We don’t use used to to talk about actions that only happened once.
I bought this shirt last year. NOT I used to buy this shirt last year.
They started work at 9:00 this morning. NOT They used to start work at 9:00 this
morning.
The passive
Sentences can be either active or passive.
Active: My friend wrote this letter. = subject + verb + object
Passive: This letter was written by my friend. = Subject + be + past participle (v3)
We use the active sentence to focus on the person who does the action.
My brother wrote this book.
We use the passive sentence to focus on the action itself or on the thing the action
affects.
This book was written by my brother.
We also use the passive when we don’t know who does/did the action or it isn’t
important.
This papaya salad is made in Thailand.
My mobile phone was stolen last night.
We form the simple present passive with am/is/are + past participle of the main verb.
We form the simple past passive with was/were + past participle of the main verb.
Simple present passive: Rice is grown in Thailand.
Simple past passive: The library was built four years ago.
To say who does/did the action, we use by.
Lots of souvenirs are bought by tourists.
The building was designed by a Thai architect.
To form questions, we put the verb be before the subject.
Is your necklace made of gold?
When was the phone stolen?
Who was the music sung by?
Review vocabulary and grammar 1- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.
1 Meet us in the park. We’ll be on one of the ________ near the big statue.
a fountains
b benches
c tunnels
2 She thinks she will go ________ bus to the market.
a on
b by
c with
3 Oh, no! It’s late and we ________ done our homework yet.
a have
b haven’t
c already
4 I never walk down Harrison Road alone at night. There are no ________.
a streetlights
b traffic lights
c bike lanes
5 They ________ at the airport.
a ’ve arrived yet
b ’ve already arrived
c yet have arrived
6 In my ________, there shouldn’t be any buses or trucks downtown.
a idea
b believe
c opinion
7 You don’t need to cook breakfast. I’ve already ________ it.
a do
b did
c done
8 We try not to travel at ________ hour.
a rush
b busy
c traffic
9 How ________ has she been married?
a long
b much
c many
10 We ________ that there should be bike lanes in all cities.
a believe
b view
c worried
11 They offered him the job on Saturday, but they haven’t agreed on a salary ________.
a not yet
b already
c yet
12 The traffic is always bad because there is only one ________ over the river.
a crosswalk
b intersections
c bridge
13 We ________ say that most people spend too much time on social media. The real world is better!
a don’t
b will
c would
14 She ________ to go to Australia since she was a child.
a wanted
b ’ve wanted
c didn’t want
15 The children play in the ________ on hot days.
a street signs
b sidewalks
c fountains
16 I visited the temples ________.
a since 2015
b in 2015
c for 2015
17 “Have you been to the mall?“
“Not ________.“
a been
b already
c yet
18 This is a safety announcement. Could all ________ please return to their seats?
a commuters
b passengers
c pedestrians
19 This ________ building has 30 floors.
a apartment
b parking
c street
20 They prefer to ________ to work if possible.
a arrive
b walk
c start out
21 It is a good ________ to ban fast food because people would be healthier.
a opinion
b view
c idea
22 She thinks the city would be less polluted if we all used ________ transportation.
a passenger
b public
c commuter
23 We’ve been in this traffic jam ________ 55 minutes.
a for
b since
c already
24 Turn left when you get to the big ________ of King Philip on Victory Road.
a street sign
b statue
c intersection
25 It ________ Anna 45 minutes to get to work.
a drives
b carries
c takes
26 It’s only nine o’clock and she has ________ been to the gym, done her homework, and sent five e-mails.
a yet
b already
c have
27 She hasn't taken a train since she ________ commuting.
a stop
b ’ve stopped
c stopped
28 It took us two hours to find the bank because there weren’t any ________.
a statues
b street signs
c parking spaces
29 I think your truck might be too big for that ________.
a parking space
b parking lane
c platform
30 The 4:43 to Phitsanulok is ________ by approximately thirty minutes.
a delayed
b on time
c start out
31 “There are a lot of students waiting on the platform. Do you know what’s happening?“ “No, sorry, we ________ here.“
a already got
b just got
c got just
32 Bart ________ riding his motorcycle to work more than fifteen years ago.
a starts
b ’s started
c started
33 We drove around for ten minutes because there were no spaces left in the ________.
a parking
b parking lot
c traffic jam
34 Please stay on the ________. This street is very busy.
a sidewalk
b crosswalk
c platform
35 Life has been very different for her ________ she won the lottery.
a since
b for
c when
36 Have you made your final decision ________? We are all waiting.
a ago
b yet
c already
37 There are a lot of ________ in the mall, but they are always completely full.
a statues
b taxis
c trash cans
38 Have you ever had no water ________ 16 hours?
a at
b since
c for
39 Liza's car broke down, so I ________ her a ride home.
a took
b gave
c made
40 She's ________ that her team won the game.
a worried
b delighted
c believing
c
h
e
c
k
y
o
u
r
a
n
s
w
e
r
b
e
l
o
w
Answer key
1 b
2 b
3 b
4 a
5 b
6 c
7 c
8 a
9 a
10 a
11 c
12 c
13 c
14 b
15 c
16 b
17 c
18 b
19 a
20 b
21 c
22 b
23 a
24 b
25 c
26 b
27 c
28 b
29 a
30 a
31 b
32 c
33 b
34 a
35 a
36 b
37 c
38 c
39 b
40 b
Review vocabulary and grammar 2- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.
1 ________ his legs were hurting, he kept on running.
a But
b However
c Although
2 Her favorite food is fish, especially ________.
a salmon
b lamb
c lettuce
3 He thinks red peppers taste better when they’re cooked. He can’t eat them ________.
a raw
b fresh
c bitter
4 Did she get ________ for her trip to Washington?
a enough U.S. dollars
b much U.S. dollars
c U.S. dollars enough
5 Alice ________ eat pineapple. She’s allergic to it.
a hasn’t to
b doesn’t have to
c can’t
6 Her children always ask for ________ on French fries.
a cereal
b fruit juice
c tomato sauce
7 She ________ make a decision about the job offer by the end of the week.
a should to
b has to
c shouldn’t
8 She doesn’t eat chocolate or dessert, but she loves potato chips and other ________ snacks.
a healthy
b spicy
c salty
9 We bought ________ pineapples. Let’s make some juice.
a too much
b too many
c too
10 Do they ________ go to school today?
a should
b have to
c has to
11 My sister is making curry tonight with ________ milk and peppers.
a pineapple
b strawberry
c coconut
12 They arrived on time, ________ the traffic was terrible.
a although
b if
c however
13 Sorry! I cooked the fish for too long and now it’s ________. Let’s go out to eat.
a unhealthy
b bitter
c burned
14 Personally, I don’t like pepper on pizza, ________ many people love it.
a and
b but
c too
15 “Is she going out tonight?“
“No, she’s ________.“
a not well enough
b not enough well
c too much sick
16 He likes to finish a meal with something ________. He usually has fruit or some chocolate.
a sweet
b salty
c crunchy
17 They usually have a bowl of ________ with milk for breakfast.
a flour
b shrimp
c cereal
18 Tzatziki is a ________ sauce made with yogurt and cucumber. We love it!
a creamy
b salty
c spicy
19 She ________ start out for work at 7:15, but she prefers to avoid the traffic.
a hasn’t to
b can’t to
c doesn’t have to
20 Can you open a window? I'm ________.
a too much hot
b too hot
c hot enough
21 “Is there anything for dessert?“
“Yes, apple ________.“
a pie
b sauce
c juice
22 You ________ use the crosswalks in this country, but it’s safer.
a shouldn’t to
b don’t have
c don’t have to
23 This bread is really ________. It’s still warm.
a healthy
b burned
c fresh
24 Could you go into the garden and pick some ________ for dessert, please? Only take the red ones!
a pineapples
b strawberries
c peppers
25 All passengers ________ buy a ticket before taking the plane.
a has to
b have to
c shouldn’t
26 She has a stomachache. I think she ate ________.
a much
b not much
c too much
27 She's going to cook the cabbage for only a couple of minutes. She prefers it ________.
a raw
b crunchy
c tasty
28 “Does Kyle have to take these pills?“
“Yes, he ________.“
a is
b has
c does
29 “This juice is ________. What’s in it?“
“Apple, eggplant, and cabbage. Don’t you like it?“
a disgusting
b creamy
c fresh
30 “Are there any vegetarian dishes on the menu?“
“Yes, the pasta dish with ________ is vegetarian and delicious.“
a beef
b eggplant
c lamb
31 This omelet doesn’t look right to me. I think I used ________ milk.
a too many
b too much
c too
32 I think some types of coffee are ________, but others have a better taste.
a healthy
b sour
c bitter
33 You ________ leave your cat in a car on a hot, sunny day. It could die.
a can’t
b have to
c don’t have to
34 Millions of people in the U.S. eat roast ________ with vegetables on Thanksgiving Day.
a turkey
b pepper
c cabbage
35 “Is the pizza good?“
“It’s OK, but ________ cheese on it.“
a there’s not enough
b there aren’t enough
c there’s not too much
36 You ________ eat that if you aren’t enjoying it. It might be a little too spicy.
a couldn’t
b should
c don’t have to
37 Brad is training for a running event. He tries to stay in shape and avoids ________ ingredients.
a vegetarian
b tasty
c unhealthy
38 He decided to reserve a seat on a train to Bangkok. ________, the train was already full.
a But
b However
c Although
39 “I’m hungry.“
“You didn’t ________ at lunch.“
a eat too many
b enough eat
c eat enough
40 New Zealand is famous for its ________ because there are so many sheep there.
a beef
b lamb
c tuna
Answer key
1 c
2 a
3 a
4 a
5 c
6 c
7 b
8 c
9 b
10 b
11 c
12 a
13 c
14 b
15 a
16 a
17 c
18 a
19 c
20 b
21 a
22 c
23 c
24 b
25 b
26 c
27 b
28 c
29 a
30 b
31 b
32 c
33 a
34 a
35 a
36 c
37 c
38 b
39 c
40 b
Review vocabulary and grammar 3- Choose the correct answer. Write a, b, or c in the box.
1 How much is this car ________?
a cost
b worth
c paid
2 When I was in university, I ________ in a coffee shop on Fridays and Saturdays.
a use to work
b was working
c used to work
3 “Can I try this on, please?”
“Sorry, the ________ is very busy. Could you wait here?”
a department store
b dressing room
c shopping room
4 Kanye ________ for being late.
a apologized
b apologies
c apology
5 This shopping center ________ in 2009.
a be built
b is built
c was built
6 I would like to ________ this hat, please. It’s too small.
a refund
b deliver
c return
7 ________ have lunch at school?
a Did she use to
b Did she used to
c Used she to
8 My classmate ________ me the money for a taxi home.
a borrowed
b paid
c lent
9 When she has all the ________, she’ll make a decision.
a inform
b information
c informations
10 Sorry, we don’t take cards here. Please ________ cash.
a deliver
b pay with
c pay on
11 When I was a child, we ________ in an apartment in Bangkok.
a use to live
b used to live
c usually lived
12 My motorcycle breaks down a lot, so I’m ________ for a new one next year.
a saving
b earning
c borrowing
13 ________ is taken from your credit card immediately.
a Paying
b Pay
c Payment
14 Many children are taken care of ________ their grandparents during school vacations.
a at
b with
c by
15 I’d like to ________ this bag for a bigger one, please.
a exchange
b return
c refund
16 She ________ money from her boyfriend if she can’t pay the rent on her apartment.
a usually borrows
b used to borrow
c usually borrowed
17 ________ are on Saturdays and Sundays.
a Delivers
b Deliveries
c Deliverations
18 This laptop is a ________. It’s half price.
a discount
b bargain
c sale
19 She loves shopping for shoes. She ________ many pairs of sneakers and sandals.
a owes
b owns
c spends
20 How much time at work ________ on social media?
a spends
b is spending
c is spent
21 “Should we go shopping to find a new table?”
“No, let’s ________ one online.”
a deliver
b pay
c order
22 What sports ________ in school?
a did you played
b did you use to play
c did you used to play
23 Hundreds of cell phones ________ by passengers on the subway every month.
a are lost
b were lost
c be lost
24 We ________ on the 26th of every month.
a pay back
b get paid
c earn
25 This park ________ by tourists very often.
a doesn’t visit
b isn’t visited
c doesn’t be visited
26 Please keep the ________ if you would like to return any of your items.
a refund
b receipt
c cash register
27 Before he got a promotion, Jerry ________ earn a lot of money.
a didn’t use to
b use not to
c didn’t used to
28 How many plastic bags ________ in 2019?
a shoppers used
b were used by shoppers
c used by shoppers
29 Are you sure we ________ to eat here? It’s very expensive.
a afford
b can afford
c are worth
30 They had an ________ about the color of the new table.
a argument
b argue
c argued
31 I used to eat fish, but I ________ in 2017.
a used to give it up
b usually give it up
c gave it up
32 The waiter didn’t ________ me for the dessert because we had to wait so long for it.
a owe
b cost
c charge
33 This salad is disgusting. When ________ made?
a was it
b it was
c did it be
34 There’s a 30% ________ on computers this weekend.
a discount
b refund
c bargain
35 “Did Angelina use to have long hair?”
“Yes, ________.”
a she used
b she did
c she had
36 Rudy ________ me €50.
a borrows
b owes
c spends
37 ________ the work finished on time?
a Was
b Did
c Does
38 She ________ like eggplant, but now she loves it.
a doesn’t use to
b ’s not used to
c didn’t use to
39 “Excuse me, where’s the ________?”
“It’s over there, near the entrance to the store.”
a line
b sales
c cash register
40 She takes sandwiches to school so that she doesn't ________ money on lunch.
a save
b charge
c waste
Answer key
1 b
2 c
3 b
4 a
5 c
6 c
7 a
8 c
9 b
10 b
11 b
12 a
13 c
14 c
15 a
16 a
17 b
18 b
19 b
20 c
21 c
22 b
23 a
24 b
25 b
26 b
27 a
28 b
29 b
30 a
31 c
32 c
33 a
34 a
35 b
36 b
37 a
38 c
39 c
40 c
